Can He Save World From War?
ムン・ゼイン, 戦争から世界を求めようか?
http://time.com/4745910/south-korea-elections-moon-jae-in/?xid=homepage
専門と翻訳本を共有します.
TIME Exclusive: South Korean Presidential Hopeful Moon Jae-in Says He Can Work with Trump
On May 9 South Korea will elect a new President, as tensions with dysfunctional neighbor North Korea reach fever pitch. On Apr. 16, Pyongyang attempted another weapons test in its quest to develop a nuclear-armed ballistic missile capable of hitting the U.S. mainland. Though that launch failed, North Korean Vice-Foreign Minister Han Song Ryol told the BBC this week that more tests would continue on a “weekly, monthly and yearly basis.”
U.S. President Donald Trump says Pyongyang has “gotta behave.” Following a visit to the Korean DMZ on Sunday, U.S. Vice-President Mike Pence said, “North Korea would do well not to test [Trump’s] resolve or the strength of the armed forces of the United States in this region.” U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson had previously said that a preemptive military strike remains “on the table.”
The South Korean presidential front-runner is Moon Jae-in, a civil-rights lawyer who was a former legislator and onetime presidential chief of staff. Moon lost narrowly in 2012 but currently leads a field of five candidates in which his nearest rival is the more conservative Ahn Cheol-soo, a tech entrepreneur. On Apr. 15 TIME sat down with Moon, 64, to discuss how he would deal with North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un and avoid a full-scale nuclear war. TIME talked with Moon through an interpreter.
Here are translated excerpts:
Trump has said that the U.S. will go it alone on North Korea if Washington does not get cooperation from China. Meanwhile, the North Korean government has said that it will retaliate if attacked. Tensions are very high. Is a terrible war going to break out on the Korean peninsula?
記者: トランプは中国が北朝鮮に関して協力しなかったらアメリカ独自的に立場(入場)を取るはずと言った. 一方, 北朝鮮政府はもし攻撃にあったら仕返しに出るはずと言った. 緊張が高まっている. 韓半島で無惨な戦争が勃発しようか?
South Korea and the U.S. are aligned. The first thing that should be done is to stop the North’s further provocations. I don’t think the U.S. plans to make a preemptive strike against the North. Any decision by the U.S. should be made in close consultation with South Korea, its ally. If the U.S. makes a preemptive strike against the North, there is a chance of the North striking back against the South. If that happens, South Korea will suffer, not the U.S. But that will also cause damage to U.S. troops based in South Korea and to many American citizens living in South Korea. Human history shows that, even if not intended, an accidental clash can result in war.
ムン・ゼイン: 韓国とアメリカは同盟関係だ. 一番先にすべきことは北朝鮮の追加挑発行為を阻むのだ. 私はアメリカが北朝鮮に先制攻撃を加えると思わない. アメリカがどんな決断を出してもアメリカの同盟国である韓国と緊密な協議の下に成り立たなければならない. もしアメリカが北朝鮮に先制攻撃を加えたら, 北朝鮮が韓国に反撃する可能性が大きい. もしそのようになったらアメリカではなく韓国が最大の被害を受けるはずで, 国内駐屯する米軍も被害を受けるはずで多くの国内アメリカ人も被害を着るものだ. 人間の歴史はたとえ意図されアンアッドでも, 偶発的な衝突が戦争をもたらすことができるということを見せてくれる.
North Korean officials and Chinese state media have indicated that Trump’s actions are essentially reckless and contributing to the tensions. Do you agree? What is your message to the leaders of the U.S. and China in terms of how to deal with North Korea?
記者: 北朝鮮当局者たちと中国官営言論はトランプの行動が本質的に無謀で緊張感に寄与していると示唆した. 同意するか. 北朝鮮を扱う方法に関してアメリカと中国のリーダーたちにどんなメッセージを伝達するか.
If the North continues with its nuclear provocations, it’s natural that South Korea and the U.S. will impose stronger sanctions against North Korea. But we need deft crisis management skills to ensure that rising tensions do not lead to war. To North Korea, we must send an unequivocal message that their determination to strengthen their nuclear capability does not help them maintain their regime but jeopardizes it … To China, we must make it clear that if they fail to rein in the North, sanctions against the North will be stepped up and the deployment of [U.S. missile defense system] THAAD will be inevitable for us.
ムン・ゼイン: 北朝鮮が核挑発を続いたら韓国とアメリカが北朝鮮に対してもっと力強い制裁を加えることも考慮しなければならないでしょう. しかし私たちは高まる緊張感が戦争につながらないようにするために上手な危機管理技術が必要だ. 北朝鮮側では彼らが持っている核兵器を高度化が政権維持に役に立つのではなく危険に処するようにするという断固たるメッセージを送らなければならない. 中国には彼らが北朝鮮を統制することができなかったら北朝鮮に対する制裁措置が増加するはずで韓国のサド配置は不可避だろうという点を確かにしなければならない.
If you were elected president, what specific steps would you take to reduce tensions on the Korean peninsula?
記者: もしあなたが大統領に当選したら, 韓半島の緊張を減らすためにどんな具体的な措置を取るか.
The ultimate goal is to get the North to the negotiating table to ensure the dismantlement of the nuclear weapons. So the first stage would be, while strengthening sanctions and pressure against the North, to bring them to the negotiating table. The second step is to have the North agree to a nuclear freeze, to discontinue its nuclear provocations and missile tests. And the last is dismantlement of the North’s nuclear weapons program.
ムン・ゼイン: 窮極的な目標は北朝鮮が核兵器を廃棄するように交渉テーブルに引き入れるのだ. 一番目段階は北朝鮮に対する制裁と圧迫を強化する同時に彼らを交渉テーブルで引っ張り出すのです. 二番目段階は北朝鮮が核凍結とミサイル試験打ち上げを中断するために核凍結に合議するようにするのだ. そして最後に北朝鮮の核兵器計画を完全廃棄するのだ.
Over the years many tactics have been tried with North Korea, including dialogue, the Six-Party Talks. and sanctions. But nothing has stopped North Korea’s nuclear program. Is it even possible to persuade Pyongyang to stop developing nuclear weapons?
記者: 数年の間北朝鮮を相手で多くの試みがあって来た. 直接的対話, 6者会談, 経済制裁措置などだ. しかしこれら皆北朝鮮の核開発計画を中断させることができなかった. 北朝鮮が核兵器開発を中断するように説得するのが可能ではあると思うか.
The containment strategy pursued by the two conservative administrations of [former South Korean presidents] Lee Myung-bak and Park Geun-hye and the “strategic patience” of the Obama administration were a complete failure. Things were different under the administrations of [earlier South Korean presidents] Kim Jae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun. Then, there was significant progress in inter-Korean relations, without the fear of another war between the two Koreas. To dismantle the North’s nuclear weapons program, the Six-Party Talks, a multilateral framework, was put in place. We even made a comprehensive agreement between the North and the South: the Sept. 19 Joint Declaration referred to the full dismantlement of North Korean nuclear weapons, having a peace treaty, and even normalization [of relations] between the U.S. and the North. The North even blew up the cooling tower of its nuclear reactor. That all stopped after the Lee Myung-bak administration took office. I know the North’s nuclear capability is more advanced now, but the same step-by-step approach is still workable.
ムン・ゼイン: 李明博とパク・グンヒェ二つの補修政権で推進された抑制(containment) 戦略とオバマ行政府の“戦略的忍耐”は完全な失敗だった. その以前にあったキム・デジュンとノ・ムヒョン政権では状況が違った. 当時南北間には戦争を恐れない状況で重大な進展があって来た. 北朝鮮の核兵器開発計画を廃棄するために多者間協議体である 6字会談が開かれた. また私たちは南北の間の包括的な合意を導出した. <9>は北朝鮮核兵器の完全な解体と平和条約締結, 一歩進んで北朝鮮とアメリカの間の関係正常化まで言及された. 甚だしくは北朝鮮側では核融合路の冷却塔を無くす措置を取ったりした. しかし李明博政府が集権してこのすべてのものが中止された. 私は北朝鮮の核能力がもうもっと先進化されているということが分かる. しかし等しい段階別接近(“step-by-step”) 方法は相変らず実行可能だ.
What is your sense of Kim Jong Un? Is he irrational, as some say? Do you think he would agree to talk?
記者: キム・ジョンウンの真意が何と思うか. 彼は一部人が言うように非理性的か. ではなければ彼が対話に出ることで見るか?
Kim Jong Un is a very irrational and oppressive leader. But the same goes for his predecessors. The regime itself is irrational, and incomprehensible by international standards -- it is a third-generation dictatorship. We face a daunting challenge.
ムン・ゼイン: キム・ジョンウンは非常に非理性的で強圧的なリーダーだ. しかし彼の前任者たちも同じだった. 政権自体が非理性的で国際的基準では理解することができない. 3世代世襲独裁政権だ. 私たちは難しい挑戦に直面している.
You say that you want to negotiate with the regime and make them see reason. But you say the regime is irrational. Isn’t there a contradiction here?
記者: あなたはそんなキム・ジョンウン政権と交渉したいと言って彼らを納得させようとすると言う. しかし同時に政権が非理性的だと言う. 矛盾したところがないか.
Even if Kim is an irrational leader, we have to accept the reality that he rules North Korea. So we have to talk with him. If Kim wants the security of the North Korean system and regime, we have to convince him that nuclear dismantlement actually achieves those goals. The U.S. must make diplomatic efforts with the North, and demand that China apply pressure on North Korea.
ムン・ゼイン: キム・ジョンウンが非理性的なリーダーでも私たちは彼が北朝鮮を統治する現実を受け入れなければならない. だから私たちは彼と対話に出なければならない. キム・ジョンウンが北朝鮮体制と政権の安保を願ったら私たちは核廃棄がそんな目標に符合すると説得しなければならない. アメリカは北朝鮮と外交的努力をしなければならないし, 中国が北朝鮮に圧力をかけるように要求しなければならない.
If you are elected president, would you be willing to go to Pyongyang for a summit? And would you go to Washington to say to Trump: “Talk to the North Koreans”?
記者: もし大統領に当選したら, 首脳会談のために平壌へ行く意向があるか. あるいはワシントンへ行ってトランプ大統領に "北朝鮮人々と話し合いなさい”と注文するのか.
If elected, I will visit Washington shortly after taking office to discuss with President Trump how to get the North to fully dismantle its nuclear weapons program. I am willing to meet Kim Jong Un so long as that helps us resolve the North Korea nuclear issue. But I am not interested in having a meeting for the sake of having a meeting. I will meet him when there is a guarantee that there would be visible results such as freezing or dismantling the nuclear weapons program … We can explore meetings between the U.S. and the North, and between the South and the North in parallel. We can resume dialogue, be they four-way talks or six-party talks. But, if elected President, I will not act unilaterally to have dialogue with the North without prior consultation with the U.S.
ムン・ゼイン: もし当選したらゴッバでアメリカを訪問して北朝鮮が核兵器プログラムを完全に解体する方法を論議するためにトランプ大統領と辞書論議するでしょう. 北朝鮮核問題を解決するのに役に立つことができたらキム・ジョンウン国防委員長に会う容疑がある. しかし単純に見せてくれる式会談は(“a meeting for the sake of having a meeting”) 願わない. 核兵器プログラム凍結や解体などのような可視的な結果が出ることができるという保障があれば会う容疑がある. アメリカと北朝鮮を含んだ出会いまたは南北間の出会いを竝行して推進することができる. 4者になっても 6者になっても対話を再開することもできる. 当選したらアメリカ側と事前協議なしに北朝鮮と一方的に話し合わないだろう.
There is a new president in the White House who is very different from the last president, and who has been saying some aggressive things about North Korea. Do you think you could work with Trump?
記者: ホワイトハウスに新しく来た大統領があって, 北朝鮮に対して攻撃的な発言をして来た大統領がある. あなたはトランプとともに働くことができると思うんですか?
President Trump occasionally makes aggressive pronouncements about the North, but I recall him once saying that he can talk with Kim Jong Un over a hamburger. President Trump is also critical of the previous policy of strategic patience of former U.S. administrations, calling it a failure as it failed to change North Korea. I believe President Trump has a pragmatic view. In that sense, I believe we will be able to share more ideas, talk better, and reach agreements without difficulty.
ムン・ゼイン: トランプはたまに北朝鮮に対して攻撃的な態度を見せるが, 私は彼がキム・ジョンウンと一緒にハンバーガーを食べることができると言ったことがあることを憶える. 大統領トランプも私はアメリカの行政府の戦略的忍耐が何の效果を見られなかったことを指摘した. 私はトランプ大統領が実用主義的見解を持っていると信じる. そんな点で, 私たちはもっと多いアイディアを共有して, より良い対話を交わして, 難しさなしに合意に到逹することができるはずと信じる.
Young people in Korea today do not feel much affinity with the North. They are less in favor of reunification than the older generation. Do you feel that if you don’t get things right, reunification may never happen?
記者: 今日韓国の若者達は北朝鮮とあまり友好的ではない. 彼らは年を取った世代と比べて統一に賛成しない方だ. もしあなたがまともに対応しなければ統一が決して実現しないと感じるか.
It is not that they are less enthusiastic about reunification. Rather, they have more immediate challenges, like finding a job. On top of that, the two [previous] conservative administrations pursued a different strategy. They pursued reunification by absorption, assuming that the North would collapse quickly. Under that scenario, there is a cost issue. Young people are concerned about the cost they might have to shoulder. That’s why they seem less in favor of reunification. The only way to reduce the cost of reunification is to achieve economic reunification first through inter-Korean economic cooperation, then later, ultimately, legal and political reunification.
ムン・ゼイン: 彼らが統一に対してより少なめに熱情的なのではない. 彼らは働き口を求めることなどもう至急な当面課題を持っているだけだ. 過去も補修政権は他の戦略を追い求めて来た. 彼らは北朝鮮が早く崩壊されることを仮定しながら吸収統一を追い求めた. このシナリオでは費用が問題になる. 若い人々は彼らが手におえるか分からない費用を心配するのだ. 彼らが統一に不十分に賛成することと見える理由だ. 統一費用を減らす唯一の方法は南北経済協力を通じて経済統一を法的または政治的統一より先に成すのだ.
So you don’t think North Korea will collapse?
記者: それでは北朝鮮が崩壊しないことで見るか.
The theory of the collapse of North Korea has been there for a long while, but it hasn’t turned out to be true. Even though the North is an irrational regime, I don’t think an early collapse is likely. If it does collapse in the near future, it will send an SOS to China, not to South Korea, and it is very likely that a pro-Chinese regime will take power [in Pyongyang]. That will make reunification more difficult to achieve, even impossible. Even if we can reunite the South and the North, the costs will be unbearable for us -- far greater than those Germany had to bear [following post-Soviet reunification in 1990]. That is not good for Korea. We should take the step-by-step approach of economic cooperation, then economic integration and finally full reunification.
ムン・ゼイン: 北朝鮮の崩壊説は長い間存在して来た. しかし現実にならなかった. 北朝鮮が非理性的な政権ではあるが早期崩壊の起きる可能性は多くないと思う. もし近い内に崩壊されたら, 北朝鮮は韓国ではない中国に SOSを送るはずであり, 北朝鮮内で親中国政権が権力を得る可能性が高い. この場合統一はもっと大変になるでしょう. 甚だしくは不可能かも知れない. 南北韓を統一させることができると言っても深刻な費用を支払うようになるでしょう. ドイツが手におえたことよりもっともっと多い費用だ[1990年 post-Soviet 統一当時]. 韓国に望ましくない. 私たちは経済協力に対する段階別接近法を取らなければならないし, 経済統合, そして窮極的に完全な統一を追い求めなければならないでしょう.
Your father [and mother were] born in what is now North Korea. Does that influence your feelings toward reunification? How important is reunification to you personally?
記者: あなたのお父さん[そしてお母さん]は現北朝鮮で生まれた. 統一に対するあなたの感情に影響を及ぼすか. 個人的に統一がいくら重要な課題か.
The North and South shared one language and one culture for thousands of years before they were divided only 70 years ago. Ultimately, we should reunite the North and the South, [we] are one people. My father fled from the North, hating communism. I myself hate the communist North Korean system. That doesn’t mean I should let the people in the North suffer under an oppressive regime. That is why we should take the path to reunification and pursue a liberal democracy in a united Korea. It has already been proven that a liberal democracy is far superior to the system in the North. South Korea is far more prosperous than the North -- beyond comparison. That’s why I favor engagement with the North.
ムン・ゼイン: 北朝鮮と南韓はわずか 70年前に分断される前に数千年の間一つ言語と文化を共有した. 窮極的に私たちは統一しなければならない. 私たちは一民族だ. お父さんは共産主義を憎悪して北から脱出した. 私も共産主義北朝鮮体制を嫌悪する. しかしそうだとして北朝鮮住民たちが圧制政権下で苦しむようにほったらかしておかなければならないということを意味しない. 私たちが統一のための道を選ばなければならないし統一された韓国で自由デモクラシーを追い求めなければならない理由だ. 自由デモクラシーが北朝鮮体制よりずっと優越だということはもう立証された. 韓国は比べにくい位北朝鮮よりもっと富裕(“prosperous”)する. 北朝鮮と交流を好む理由だ.
What does your mother tell you about the North and her hometown? Are her memories fond?
記者: あなたの母親は北朝鮮と故郷に関して何を言うか. 母親は [北朝鮮と故郷に関して] 良い思い出を持っているか.
My mother is the only one [of her family] who fled to the South. All her relatives were in the North. Her parents passed away and most of her siblings are gone. My mother is 90 years old. Time is ticking. But her younger sister is still in the North. My mother’s last wish is to see her again.
ムン・ゼイン: お母さんは家族一員の中で南に脱出した唯一の家族だ. お母さんのすべての親戚らは北にあった. お母さんのご両親は帰ったし大部分の兄弟姉妹たちも同じだ. お母さんは年歳が 90歳である. 時間が流れている. お母さんの妹さんはまだ北にある. お母さんの最後の願いは弟(妹)にまた会うのだ.
The presidency of South Korea is one of the toughest jobs in the world. Are you tough enough for it?
記者: 韓国の大統領職は世界で一番大変な職業の中で一つだ. 自分がこれを手におえるほど充分に強健(“tough”)すると思うか.
I have government experience. I was a member of the National Security Council. I oversaw the overall preparation for the [2007] Summit between the North and the South and have experience dealing with North Korea. As a lawmaker, I was a member of the National Defense Committee. I am the best-prepared candidate to overcome our current crisis of security, diplomacy and the economy, and to rebuild our nation.
ムン・ゼイン: 私は国政に参加した経験がある. 国防委(NSC)の一員だった. 韓国と北朝鮮の間の [2007年] 会談準備を統べたし北朝鮮を相対した経験を持っています. 国会議員時代私は国防委一員だった. 候補の中で現在安保危機状況を乗り越えるのに一番相応しいと思う.
You’ve said that your favorite English word is “dream.” What is your dream?
記者: 一番好きな英語単語が "dream"と言った事がある. あなたの夢は何か.
To achieve a mature democracy, prosperity, human rights, and peace between the North and the South.
ムン・ゼイン: 成熟したデモクラシー, 国家の繁栄, 人権, そして南北の間の平和を成すのだ.