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アメリカ人が見た19世紀の朝鮮

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P {margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:2px;} ウィリアム・グリフィス『隠者の国・朝鮮』
William Elliot Griffis, Corea the Hermit Nation, Kessinger, 2004.

 ウィリアム・グリフィス (William Elliot Griffis, 1843~1928) は米国の牧師・東洋学者で、1870~74(明治3~7)年に日本に滞在し、福井と東京で西洋式教育制度の導入に尽力した。帰国後の1876年に出版した『皇国(The Mikado"s Empire)』がベストセラーになり、東洋学者としての名声を確立した。1882年に初版が出た『隠者の国・朝鮮』も非常によく売れ、1911年までに9版を重ねた。


This is a good specimen of Corean varnish-work carried into history. The rough facts are smoothed over by that well-applied native lacquer, which is said to resemble gold to the eyes. The official gloss has been smeared over more modern events with equal success, and even defeat is turned into golden victory. (pp. 150-151)

これは朝鮮人による歴史の塗装作業の良い見本である。つらい現実には国産塗料を塗りたくり、黄金に見せかける。さらに後世の事件に対しても、公的な虚飾が巧妙に施され、敗戦すら輝かしい勝利に変えられる。

 

 

The vocabulary of torture is sufficiently copious to stamp Chō-sen as still a semi-civilized nation. The inventory of the court and prison comprises iron chains, bamboos for beating the back, a paddle-shaped implement for inflicting blows upon the buttocks, switches for whipping the calves till the flesh is ravelled, ropes for sawing the flesh and bodily organs, manacles, stocks, and boards to strike against the knees and skin-bones. (p. 234)
拷問の豊富さは、朝鮮がいまだに半文明国にとどまっていることを示すに十分である。法院と監獄の発明品としては、鉄鎖、背中を打つための竹、尻を打ち据えるためのパドル状の器具、肉が裂けるまでふくらはぎを叩くための鞭、肉と内臓を苛むためのロープ、手かせ、杖、そして膝とむこうずねを叩くための板等がある。

Corean architecture is in a very primitive condition. The castles, fortifications, temples, monasteries and public buildings cannot approach in magnificence those of Japan or China. The country, though boasting hoary antiquity, has few ruins in stone. The dwellings are tiled or thatched houses, almost invariably one story high. In the smaller towns there are not arranged in regular streets, but scattered here hand there. Even in the cities and capital the streets are narrow and tortuous. (p. 262)


朝鮮の建築はきわめて原始的な状態にある。城郭、要塞、寺院、修道院および公共建築は、日本や中国の壮麗さにまるで及ばない。この国は古い歴史を誇っているのに、石造の遺跡がほとんどない。住居は瓦葺きか藁葺きで、ほとんど例外なく一階建てである。小都市では規則的な通りに配置されておらず、あちこちに散在している。大都市や首都でも、通りは狭くて曲がりくねっている。 Corea has no samurai. She lacks what Japan has always had - a cultured body of men, superbly trained in both mind and body, the soldier and scholar in one, who held to a high ideal of loyalty, patriotism, and sacrifice for country. (p. 450)
朝鮮にはサムライがいない。日本にあって朝鮮に欠けているものは、心身ともによく鍛えられ、兵士であると同時に学者であり、忠誠心と愛国心と自己犠牲の高い理想をかかげる文化的集団である。
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미국인이 본 19 세기의 조선

P {margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:2px;} 윌리엄·그리피스 「은자의 나라·조선」
William Elliot Griffis, Corea the Hermit Nation, Kessinger, 2004.

 윌리엄·그리피스 (William Elliot Griffis, 1843~1928) 은 미국의 목사·동양학자로,1870~74(메이지3~7) 해에 일본에 체재해, 후쿠이와 도쿄에서 서양식 교육제도의 도입에 진력했다.귀국후의 1876년에 출판한 「황국(The Mikado"s Empire)」이 베스트셀러가 되어, 동양학자로서의 명성을 확립했다.1882년에 초판이 나온 「은자의 나라·조선」도 매우 잘 팔려 1911년까지 9판을 거듭했다.


This is a good specimen of Corean varnish-work carried into history. The rough facts are smoothed over by that well-applied native lacquer, which is said to resemble gold to the eyes. The official gloss has been smeared over more modern events with equal success, and even defeat is turned into golden victory. (pp. 150-151)

이것은 조선인에 의한 역사의 도장 작업이 좋은 견본이다.괴로운 현실에는 국산 도료를 발라 빼앗아, 황금 으로 가장한다.한층 더 후세의 사건에 대해서도, 공적인 허식이 교묘하게 베풀어져 패전조차 훌륭한 승리로 바꿀 수 있다.

 

 

The vocabulary of torture is sufficiently copious to stamp Chō-sen as still a semi-civilized nation. The inventory of the court and prison comprises iron chains, bamboos for beating the back, a paddle-shaped implement for inflicting blows upon the buttocks, switches for whipping the calves till the flesh is ravelled, ropes for sawing the flesh and bodily organs, manacles, stocks, and boards to strike against the knees and skin-bones. (p. 234)
고문의 풍부함은, 조선이 아직껏 반문명고향에 머무르고 있는 것을 나타내기에 충분하다.법원과 감옥의 발명품으로서는, 쇠사슬, 등을 치기 위한 대나무, 엉덩이를 고정시켜두기 위한 패들장의 기구, 고기가 찢어질 때까지 장딴지를 두드리기 위한 채찍, 고기와 내장을 책망하기 위한 로프, 수갑, 지팡이, 그리고 무릎과 저쪽않고를 두드리기 위한 판등이 있다.

Corean architecture is in a very primitive condition. The castles, fortifications, temples, monasteries and public buildings cannot approach in magnificence those of Japan or China. The country, though boasting hoary antiquity, has few ruins in stone. The dwellings are tiled or thatched houses, almost invariably one story high. In the smaller towns there are not arranged in regular streets, but scattered here hand there. Even in the cities and capital the streets are narrow and tortuous. (p. 262)


조선의 건축은 극히 원시적인 상태에 있다.성곽, 요새, 사원, 수도원 및 공공 건축은, 일본이나 중국의 장려함에 전혀 미치지 않다.이 나라는 오래된 역사를 자랑하고 있는데, 석조의 유적이 거의 없다.주거는 기와로 인 지붕이나 고즙 나무로, 거의 예외없이 1층건물이다.소도시에서는 규칙적인 대로에 배치되지 않고, 여기저기에 산재 하고 있다.대도시나 수도에서도, 대로는 좁아서 구부러지고 있다. Corea has no samurai. She lacks what Japan has always had - a cultured body of men, superbly trained in both mind and body, the soldier and scholar in one, who held to a high ideal of loyalty, patriotism, and sacrifice for country. (p. 450)
조선에는 사무라이가 없다.일본에 있고 조선이 부족한 것은 , 심신 모두 잘 단련되어 병사인 것과 동시에 학자이며, 충성심과 애국심과 자기희생의 높은 이상을 다는 문화적 집단이다.

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